The purposes of the notice requirement include providing tenants with grace periods to make slightly late rent payment and avoid loss of their leasehold, and to provide fair warning to tenants, in cases where there might be a dispute or misunderstanding over the rent amount or its transmission, that the landlord has not received the rent due. Waiver is the voluntary relinquishment of a known right, arising from a consensual, affirmative act. Undue Influence. WebAlthough this is an unpublished order that was issued pursuant to S. Ct. Rule 23 and therefore has no precedential value and may not be cited, it demonstrates that the Illinois Appellate Court is receptive to the argument that a premature termination date renders a termination notice invalid. Novation occurs when a valid new contract or obligation is created and a valid existing contract or obligation is extinguished. 3d 207, 222-23 (1st Dist. WebThe most common defenses to enforcement of a contract or liability for damages are: Enforcement of the contract would violate public policy. Champion responded with a motion to strike the affirmative defenses. 3d at 904-05 (2d Dist. The information presented should not be construed to be legal advice nor the formation of a lawyer/client relationship. 3d 615, 619 (2d Dist. On July 16, 2009, she was arrested for possession of cannabis after she voluntarily allowed Chicago police officers to search her apartment. The cost of your consultation, if any, is communicated to you by our intake team or the attorney. @"7o}U~R}?? See Goldberg & Assoc. %PDF-1.5 E.D. For legal help outside of Cook County, go toGet Legal Helpor text eviction to ILAOHelpsat85622*to apply for legal help. Check your email for your free UPDATED Guide to Divorce. Retaining money orders for an unreasonably long period, Helgason, 241 Ill. App. This defense may be asserted on behalf of a tenant who is facing eviction because she relied to her detriment on the landlords unambiguous promise. App. 10. at 902. Although this is an unpublished order that was issued pursuant to S. Ct. Rule 23 and therefore has no precedential value and may not be cited, it demonstrates that the Illinois Appellate Court is receptive to the argument that a premature termination date renders a termination notice invalid. In order to avoid 2007) (the trial court erred in entertaining this action for forcible entry and detainer while the grievance procedure was still pending.). Housing Auth., 751 F.2d 180, 184 (6th Cir. Kelliher. Ct. 2008) (laches barred landlord from evicting subsidized housing resident for nonpayment of almost $7,000 in rent that had accrued over eight years). Running of the Statute of Limitations. NOTICE OF CLAIM Some states have strict notice requirements providing time prior to filing a claim. For example, suppose that you enter into a software development contract where the developer team is contracted on the basis of their specialized training and experience in a particular subject matter. Recertifying a subsidized housing resident. Worley v. Ehret, 36 Ill. App. 966.4(l)(3)(iv). Helgason, 158 Ill. 2d at 103 (assistance payments do not constitute rent.). We are trial lawyers who diligently represent our clients in litigation cases. Nevertheless, the relevant part of the decision has not been overruled, so it still constitutes persuasive authority. The reasoning in the former cases largely rested on the courts' conclusion that allowing a mandatory second-strike policy for a tenant's drug use interfered with landlords' ability to exercise their discretion to evict tenants for drug use or other criminal conduct. It is of the nature of equitable relief that it may be granted to obviate the effect of an act which the other party has a right to perform, but by which he in equity and good conscience should not be allowed to benefit. In contrast, the Court in Turner concluded that providing tenants with an opportunity to cure their violation would not run afoul of legislative intent because a tenant who has been served with notice of the intent to evict has clear knowledge of the provision, and having been given the opportunity to remedy may be among the most likely of tenants to prevent the situation from recurring, thereby furthering the purposes of and objectives of the law. If the owner violates any of its obligations under the HAP contract, including the obligation to maintain the unit in accordance with housing quality standards, the PHA may abate the subsidy payments or even terminate the HAP Contract. 1. WebA Checklist of common defenses available to a defendant when responding to a complaint that pleads breach of contract claims under Illinois common law. Both parties to a contract have obligations and duties. (See above.) Failure to mitigate is not an absolute defense. In the contract context, undue influence may occur if for example a third-party (perhaps the defendants financial advisor) convinced the defendant to enter into a poor contract while benefitting. That is, he must use As noted above, cases decided before 1935 are not binding, but they are still persuasive. In the process of reaching this conclusion, the court reviewed the three casesScarborough v. Winn Residential, 890 A.2d 249 (D.C. 2006); Milwaukee City Housing Auth. As an initial matter, the doctrine of clean hands applies only to a plaintiff who is seeking equitable relief, or to a defendant who has filed a counterclaim. . 983.257, 24 C.F.R. It is therefore appropriate to consider relevant decisions from outside Illinois. WebB. Id. After reviewing this form, you may decide that none of the affirmative defenses it describes apply to your case. One may note that all these affirmative defenses were grounds of a motion to dismiss under Section 1, Rule 16 of the 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure. 3d 56, 59 (1st Dist. Affirmative defenses are used when a defendant alleges that the plaintiff has engaged in conduct which disqualifies them from being able to obtain relief. . 499 (Md. Group B affirmative defenses. Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Program The notice must . Coercionor forcing someone to enter into the agreement 5. 882.511. If someone does file a breach of contract claim, you have several options to defend yourself. Corp. v. Diaz, 2014 IL App (1st) 131261-U (5-day notice stating that lease would terminate on Sunday, October 21, unless tenant paid the rent due by that date was invalid on its face because, under the statute on statutes, tenant had until Monday, October 22 to comply with the demand for rent). We are here to help! 11. Milton v. Therra, 2018 IL App (1st) 171392, 25-27 (finding that a commercial tenants counterclaim for lost profits, although premised on his right of possession, fell outside the scope of the Eviction Act because it sought money damages). Chicago Housing Authority v. Taylor, 207 Ill. App. of a new obligation in lieu of an old one. 2001); First National Bank of Evergreen Park v. Chrysler Realty Corp., 168 Ill. App. An affirmative defense does not allow you to contest the plaintiffs claims. 1890) (The new lease was made with full knowledge of the prior default . [C]ourts have uniformly recognized that the Goldberg due process requirements apply in the context of subsidized housing benefits. Nalubega v. Cambridge Housing Auth., 2013 WL 5507038, *16 (D. Mass. 882.511(d)(2). Are you still bound by the contract? If the landlord has failed to properly maintain the premises, the tenant may recover damages by claim or defense. RLTO, 5-12-110(e). It is similar in many ways to waiver, and the two affirmative defenses are often confused with one another. Forcible entry and detainer actions are special statutory proceedings in derogation of the common law., In Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254, 267-68 (1970), the United States Supreme Court held that a public aid recipient is entitled, as a matter of due process, to timely and adequate notice detailing the reasons for a proposed termination.. at 224. The Milton court relied entirely on Powell, but the Powell court actually affirmed the tenants right to pursue a counterclaim seeking monetary damages for the landlords violation of the RLTOs prohibition against retaliatory evictions. Under Illinois law, the affirmative defense of misrepresentation requires that: a) a material fact pertaining to the contract was misrepresented; Co., Inc. v. Bonifacio, 906 N.Y.S.2d 770 (N.Y. Civ. 2009) (landlord had no right to reject third-party checks offered on tenant's behalf by social service agencies). Licht v. Moses, 813 N.Y.S.2d 849, 851 (N.Y. App. Id. On June 14, 2018, the appellate court muddied the waters by holding that counterclaims seeking monetary damages are never germane in an eviction proceeding. A breach of contract occurs when one or more parties dont fulfill a written or oral agreement. 3d 878, 884 (1st Dist. An affirmative defense is a defense that essentially provides a reason why you should win even if the plaintiff in a lawsuit can prove its case. 3d 89, 92-93 (1st Dist. A landlord may not reject a rent payment on the grounds that the money is coming from a third-party. WebThe theory is a common law doctrine which has risen as an affirmative defense to breach of contract actions, and allows a party to rescind or abandon a contract based on impossibility of performance. %PDF-1.6 % (Thats from an actual case.). The court disagreed. Frustration of Purpose. For example, one party may claim that it performed under a commission agreement and is entitled to payment of his or her commission. 432. Some examples that could be used for this defense include the following: 1. A few examples of an affirmative defense against a breach-of-contract claim include: You may state that the contract is an oral contract and should have been in the nonperformance or breach by the other party must be substantial or material.); Mann v. Mann, 283 Ill. App. The following conduct by a tenant shall not constitute grounds for eviction or termination of the lease, nor shall an eviction order be entered against a tenant: As a reprisal for the tenants effort to secure or enforce any rights under the lease or the laws of the State of Illinois, or its governmental subdivisions of the United States; As a reprisal for the tenants good faith complaint to a governmental authority of the park owners alleged violation of any health or safety law, regulation, code or ordinance, or State law or regulation which has as its objective the regulation of premises used for dwelling purposes; As a reprisal for the tenants being an organizer or member of, or involved in any activities relative to a home owners association; As a reprisal for or on the basis of the tenants immigration or citizenship status. c) the misrepresentation was intended to induce contract formation; and In Illinois, contract law requires that the injured party make reasonable efforts to mitigate their breach of contract damages. Owner is holding family liable for total rent after PHA terminates HAP contract. If the dispute goes to trial, the person being sued has the duty of proving their defense. In the federally-subsidized housing context, is a local ordinances cure provision preempted by federal one-strike statutes (which are discussed in more detail below in the sections addressing the public housing and Section 8 programs)? 3d 851, 852 (1st Dist. 3d at 282. Id. Suppose that you breach a contract by rejecting a batch of goods from the plaintiff (the goods meet all the requirements under contract). The validity of the new contract. Because breach of warranty is based on a contract between the parties, the defendant can require the plaintiff to do certain things to obtain a remedy. state the reasons for the landlords action with enough specificity so as to enable the tenant to prepare a defense. 24 C.F.R. . To support Court rejected contention that only issue in eviction action is the right to possession and that no equitable defenses can be recognized. 358. at 250. Distinguish Taylor from any case in which the second notice does not merely update the first (e.g., notice demanding rent issued after notice alleging excessive noise). Buyers Damages for Breach of Contract for Sale of Real Property (Civ. Absent one or more substantial violations, [m]aterial noncompliance requires a pattern of repeated minor violations of the lease, not isolated incidents. Id. A Checklist of common defenses available to a defendant when responding to a complaint that pleads breach of contract claims under Illinois common law. WebChoose the Client Breach of Contract product; Provide requisite info about the agreement and the client; Include a payment deadline for the client; Attach photos as evidence (if you have any) DoNotPay also presents all the necessary information about the affirmative defenses to breach of contract, so you will be better prepared for a lawsuit. WebWhen a breach of contract occurs, and a suit is filed, equitable remedies are issued when legal remedies, such as monetary damages, cannot adequately resolve the breach. [I]ncluded in the contracts, both oral and written, governing the tenancies of the defendants in the multiple unit dwellings occupied by them, is an implied warranty of habitability which is fulfilled by substantial compliance with the pertinent provisions of the Chicago building code. Id. Based on this lease provision, one can argue that the notice does not expire until after the 10-day discussion period ends. All rights reserved. This section does not prevent a landlord from complying with legal obligations under any federal, state or local law, including but6 not limited to any obligation imposed by a government program that provides rental assistance to qualified tenants. During the lease term, the owner may not terminate the tenancy except for: Serious violation (including but not limited to failure to pay rent or other amounts due under the lease) or repeated violation of the terms and conditions of the lease; or, Violation of federal, State, or local law that imposes obligations on the tenant in connection with the occupancy or use of the premises; or. of Danville v. Love, 375 Ill. App. Unclean Hands Affirmative Defense If a party feels another party has wronged them, they can choose to use an affirmative defense of unclean hands to prevent the other party from trying to enforce a contract or to (As noted above, Spanish Court stated that the Powell court clearly erred in affirming the dismissal of this counterclaim.). WebAffirmative defenses include any defense, in fact, or law, which would prevent the Plaintiff from winning the case. An affirmative defense is different than a failure to prove the case. 3d 718 (4th Dist. WebI. There are several affirmative defenses that can be used against a breach of contract claim, three of which are explained below. These defenses should be listed at the end of your answer after the section where you have responded to each and every 982.453. Section 8 Loan Management Set-Aside Program, Program for the Disposition of HUD Owned Projects, the 21(d)(3) BMIR Program, and the 236 Program The landlords determination to terminate the tenancy shall be in writing and shall . Whether someone breaks part or all of the contract, the other parties have grounds to pursue legal action. Equitable estoppel is an affirmative defense in which the breaching party asserts that they detrimentally and in good faith relied on the plaintiffs conduct or statements. at 21. Public Policy. at 725-26. He hasexperience in litigation, estate planning, bankruptcy, real estate, and comprehensive business representation. Ct. Spec. Other good cause (including criminal activity). The owner may terminate the lease agreement without good cause at the end of the initial or any successive term because the family may then move to another unit where the family may receive the benefit of its tenant-based rental assistance. A cause of action for breach of a construction contract and/or Nevertheless, Day-Luellwitz has not been overruled, so it still constitutes persuasive authority. h[msF:WAuxHH"(Q*:tOwgmh|6tNBZ(juCb . See Scarborough, 890 A.2d at 256 ([T]he cure opportunity provided by [the State law] would substitute for the landlord's discretion a mandatory second-strike opportunity for a tenant to stay eviction by discontinuing, or not repeating, the criminal act during the thirty days following notice.); Cobb, 361 Wis. 2d at 379 ([A] right to cure past illegal drug activity is in conflict with Congress' method of achieving [its] goal by allowing eviction of tenants who engage in drug-related criminal activity.). Id. Eviction practice - Affirmative defenses and counterclaims, someone with a family member who was in jail or prison, a veteran, active duty military or have had military service, a non-profit organization or small business, Eviction practice - Terminating the tenancy, Eviction practice - Motions to voluntarily dismiss without prejudice, Eviction practice - Sealing the court file, HCV - Terminating the family's assistance, HCV - Contesting termination procedurally, HCV - Contesting terminations substantively, Motion to Dismiss - Landlord posted eviction notice on door, Quilling, Selander, Lownds, Winslett & Moser. Co. v. Helgason, 158 Ill. 2d 98, 102 (1994); see also McGill v. Wire Sales Co., 175 Ill. App. [T]he recertification process is a necessary step in qualifying for HUD assistance payments and therefore does not constitute a waiver of a breach of a lease. Burnham v. Davis, 302 Ill. App. 1=^T7anm? 591, 598-99 (Bankr. Felton v. Strong, 37 Ill. App. Use this form if you were sued for eviction after your landlord posted the eviction notice on your door. WebAn implied warranty of merchantability is a type of warranty defined in U.C.C. 1986). . =*~[SfJ19M,S)Y0kaXli~?JbX}lT161[kl%Vj :ku5::e]`nn>b}zzU[Y`mcm97 &gk'{Q((+|(_c:b5iM&()DQ5!m{o)q[Z[ @KB %KK~O_T.=^e_\m@-W;>M|,u5gb)S?\{%+iWR8$\1_B._u`.k^9.uy/^s}r|t:/WYk$@+6]=^]cD(. When the resident of a Section 8 project-based development receives public assistance, her rent payment may not be considered late for the purpose of terminating her lease if she tenders it within three days after receiving her assistance. Asserting an affirmative failure to mitigate defense will simply minimize your damage liability it will not eliminate it altogether. 1994) (setting forth elements of promissory estoppel claim in landlord-tenant dispute). Id. . WebA defendant shall serve an answer within 20 days after the service of the summons, unless before the expiration of that period the defendant files with the court and serves on the plaintiff a notice that the defendant has a bona fide defense, and then an answer shall be served within 30 days after the defendant was served; except that when Housing Auth. Defendants reliance was expected and forseeable by Plaintiff. You could assert an affirmative failure to mitigate defense on the basis that the plaintiff made no reasonable attempt to mitigate their damages by finding an alternative buyer. Web(1) A release or covenant not to sue as to one tortfeasor for property damage to, personal injury of, or the wrongful death of any person shall not operate to release or discharge the liability of any other tortfeasor who may be liable for the same tort or death. Undue influence is an affirmative defense in which the defendant asserts that a fiduciary relationship existed between them and another person (either a party to the contract or some third-party) who exerted control or played a significant advisory role, and that the influencing party benefitted as a result, to the detriment of the defendant. Check your email for your free Estate Planning Guide. at 6-7. WebIn Illinois, contributory negligence, the Court explained, is an affirmative defense that operates to reduce a tort plaintiffs recovery where the plaintiffs own negligence is a contributing proximate cause of its injury. 982.310(e)(1)(i) and 983.257(a). 1990). App. Livecchi v. Pyatt, 2003 WL 21246096, *7 (County Court, Monroe County 2003) (if PHA had terminated the HAP Contract, owner would have been legally entitled to increase tenants monthly rent payments, but only after first complying with state law by giving the tenant notice of the proposed rent increase at least one month before the expiration of the term.). 2006) (In the absence of a new agreement, after the termination of the subsidy, in which the tenant agrees to pay the non-tenant share of the rent, a nonpayment proceeding will not lie to recover that portion of the rent, even in those instances in which the Section 8 subsidy has been properly terminated.). Maybe not. v. Witz, 147 Ill. App. . 355. This article will provide you with a basic understanding of these defenses, enhancing your understanding of the contracts you sign as well as your ability to identify the situations where an attorney consultation may be useful. A notice that fails to comply with the specificity requirement is insufficient to terminate the tenancy. The Group B affirmative defenses are those mentioned in Section 5(b), Rule 6 of the Rules of Civil Procedure. Execution of a new lease with knowledge of lessees default under the original lease constituted waiver by lessor of right of re-entry reserved in original lease. Judicial sale purchaser's purported failure to comply with city ordinance that provided for the payment of relocation assistance fees to qualified tenants displaced by a foreclosure action constituted a valid defense to purchaser's eviction action. It is an affirmative defense to a breach of contract claim to argue that the contract is fundamentally unenforceable due to illegal terms. WebA Checklist of common defenses available to a defendant when responding to a complaint that pleads breach of contract claims under Illinois common law. A landlord may not reject the rent due if it is tendered within the period set forth in the termination notice. See Reichert v. Court of Claims of State of Illinois, 203 Ill. 2d 257, 262 n.1 (2003) (appellate court decisions issued prior to 1935 are persuasive authority only.). Auth., 658 So. 2013); see also Davis v. Mansfield Metro. A landlord may take steps that will allow it to accept rent without waiving its right to evict for a series of minor lease violations when each violation, by itself, would not warrant eviction. . 2023Illinois Legal Aid Online. Two elements are necessary to a finding of laches: lack of diligence by the party asserting the claim; and. Novation is the substitution of a new debt or obligation for an existing one, which is then extinguished. 1996) (lessee did not materially breach lease term, so lessors successors in interest were not entitled to terminate lease.). 2012), revd on other grounds, 2014 IL 115342 (2014), the court noted that Section 9-106 of the Eviction Act has been the subject of conflicting interpretations. It then attempted to resolve these conflicts. WebA breach of contract is where one party fails to fulfill his or her contractual promise or obligation. In H. J. Russell & Co. v. Tammy Joiner, 2015 IL App (1st) 133310-U, the Chicago Housing Authority challenged an eviction courts decision to exercise its equitable powers and deny CHA the relief to which the court had found CHA was legally entitled. If you want to see the appellate court bend over backwards to affirm the dismissal of KCRO defenses and claims, take a look at this Rule 23 Order: Transforming Hous., LLC v. Williams, 2018 IL App (1st) 180254-U (affirming decision to both deny pre-trial motions to dismiss eviction actions because of Plaintiffs violation of the KCRO, and decision to rule after trial for Plaintiff on counterclaims alleging violations of KCRO). The Owner must not terminate or refuse to renew the lease except upon the following grounds: Serious or repeated violation of the terms and conditions of the lease; or, Violation of applicable Federal, State or local law; or, For the Project-Based Voucher Program24 C.F.R. Owners/Lessees Damages for Breach of Contract to Construct Improvements on Real Property. CONTRACT FOR GOODS OR PRODUCTS (Things) ONLY Promissory Estoppel The 16 Apartment Assoc. 2016), the court addressed a related but separate question: Does a federal one-strike statute governing the Section 8 project-based programs preempt a state law requiring the trial court to conclude, before awarding the landlord possession of the premises, that a breach of the lease was substantial enough to warrant eviction? The HUD Model Lease is used in the following programs: Section 8 Loan Management Set-Aside Program, Section 8 Program for the Disposition of HUD-Owned Properties. Affirmative Defense - Causation: Third-Party Conduct as Superseding Cause CACI No. Id. Preserving the right to evict while accepting rent. 1999). See Sayles v. Greater Gasden Hous. 2000) (collecting relevant cases, and noting that [t]ermination notices for federally subsidized housing have been found to be insufficient where they contain only one sentence, are framed in vague and conclusory language, or fail to set forth a factual statement to justify termination). Jack Spring v. Little, 50 Ill. 2d 351, 358-59 (1972) (when a tenant is facing eviction for nonpayment of rent, the tenant may assert as an affirmative defense and counterclaim that the landlords failure to maintain the premises reduced its value by an amount that exceeds the rent due.). v. Lewis, 889 N.Y.S.2d 884 (N.Y. App. WebScore: 4.5/5 ( 8 votes ) Affirmative Defenses to Negligence. Marriott v. Shaw, 574 N.Y.S.2d 477 (N.Y. Civ. App. 646 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[619 91]/Info 618 0 R/Length 128/Prev 863118/Root 620 0 R/Size 710/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Many tenants in court face barriers such as low literacy, mental illness, and limited English proficiency. Id. The landlord may not terminate any tenancy in a subsidized project except upon the following grounds: Material noncompliance with the rental agreement; or, Material failure to carry out obligations under any state landlord and tenant act; or. The new contract discharges, immediately, the previous contractual duty or a duty to make compensation; it creates a new contractual duty and includes, as a party, one who neither owed the previous duty nor was entitled to its performance. The defense of laches may be raised in an eviction action. Indeed, this specificity requirement is set forth explicitly in the regulations governing these programs: Public HousingThe notice of lease termination to the tenant shall state specific grounds for termination. 24 C.F.R. [s]tate the reasons for such termination with enough specificity to enable the Family to prepare a defense. 24 C.F.R. Have any questions that weren't answered here? Gather If you are being sued for breach of contract, its important that you do not delay in consulting with experienced Chicago breach of contract attorneys who will assess the plaintiffs claims and develop a solid defense strategy. 1976). Engaging in a fraudulent act or lying with regard to the contract itself 3. Read on to learn more. Note: Foster repeats the mistake made in Figueroa and holds that the landlords premature filing deprives the court of subject matter jurisdiction. On November 5, 2009, CHA filed an eviction action against her, alleging that she had violated the lease by possessing marijuana. The form to use for the Illinois Rent Payment Program, if you do not have proof of income. 2013) (when lease was set to expire on the last day of the year, eviction action filed on December 20 was premature). 2d 489 (PHA had no cause for terminating tenants lease because of disconnected utility service, where utilities were restored shortly after they were disconnected, no property damage occurred, no other residents were placed in danger because of disconnection, tenant's gas bill for month before disconnection was unusually high because of winter storm, and her income from public assistance did not allow for increased utility bills in extreme weather months). The court first recognized that claims which are germane to the issue of possession generally fall into one of the following four categories: Claims asserting a paramount right of possession; Claims denying the breach of any agreement vesting possession in plaintiff; Claims questioning the validity or enforceability of the document upon which plaintiff's right to possession is based; and. However, if a contract is not properly drafted, it could be held unenforceable, To state a claim for unjust enrichment, the Illinois Supreme Court has held that a plaintiff must allege that the defendant has unjustly retained a benefit to the plaintiffs detriment, and that defendants retention of the benefit violates the fundamental principles of justice, equity, and good conscience. 2 Absent from these requirements is Thank you! (This defense is discussed in more detail in a separate section below.). WebAffirmative Defenses to Breach of Warranty. CHAs appeal was dismissed due to a technical error regarding the timing of its appeal. Webbreach of contract action. Thank you! are germane to an Illinois forcible entry and detainer action. Flowers v. Burton Wells, Ltd., 2002 WL 31307421, *4 (N.D. Ill. 2002). 1992). WebDuress. The plaintiff sustains financial losses as a result, but does not attempt to find an alternative buyer. 295 S.W.3d at 127. Id. The court found no federal preemption. 2. x|y@W=y,jHBHX,A\ [*VnZZ+].N[;T:v:NgwV}|BHiYMVH4!VBjnS,>Bk'-X:7v|$!er$I4G~ !cp #MMk1{,harK yaJ$$0w To calculate the proper date, follow the statute on statutes, which provides that, The time within which any act provided by law is to be done shall be computed by excluding the first day and including the last, unless the last day is Saturday or Sunday or is a holiday as defined or fixed in any statute now or hereafter in force in this State, and then it shall also be excluded.
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